Free will

Free will implies that our conscious mind is fully in control of our actions. At any point in time, we are free to decide exactly what we want to do, and we are fully responsible for the choices we make.

Incompatibility With the Materialistic View of Consciousness

The materialistic view of consciousness is incompatible with any notion of free will. Our consciousness is a reflection of the chemical interactions of our neurotransmitters. All of our decisions are deterministic, and if we could accurately model the universe we could predict what any of us will do at any point in time.

This notion does not sit right with a lot of people. Traditional religious morality relies on the assumption of free will to impart personal responsibility on the individual. They reason that without free will there can be no responsibility, which would lead to a society where nobody is accountable for any of their actions. This is, of course, poppycock.

Legal Implications

The fact that free will does not exist in reality does not need to take away from the legal responsibility for our actions. We certainly need to rethink our notions of justice when we know that we are all products of our environment. The thread of punishment has proven to be ineffective at deterring crime, since the threat is theoretical until after the crime has been committed and the perpetrator caught. Prevention is far more effective. Take away the conditions that lead to criminal behavior and people will reflexively avoid it, rather than being forced to choose between ethics and survival.

Free will doesn't exist, but our legal and ethical systems must still assume that it does.

However, our institutions should be built around the assumption that free will does not exist, so their efforts can be focused on guiding people towards best practices by creating an incentive environment that makes the best choice the easiest one.